Ink jet printers

With so many low cost printers available in India, high-image quality, and ease of use, inkjet printers have become the standard for many small and home offices. Indeed, when color printing is needed, in small quantities, an ink jet printer is the only option as laser color printers are still out of reach for most SOHO and for home users.

The inkjet printing process

So how does the printing process work? Inkjet printers have many of the same components as laser printers, but they function completely differently. Like a laser printer, an inkjet printer contains a system board that controls the printing process by translating instructions from the computer into a rendering. However, unlike a laser printer, an inkjet printer isn’t nearly as dependent on memory. Few may know that a laser printer requires that an entire page be spooled to memory before the printing process can begin. Some inkjet printers contain memory, but the memory is provided primarily as a timesaving feature. Once the computer has spooled an entire document to a printer, it’s free to work on something else. Therefore, because the spooling process is faster than the printing process, most inkjet printers have a print buffer that allows a computer to spool at least a page or two to the printer. Unlike laser printers, inkjet printers don’t have to wait for a page to be completely spooled before they can begin printing it.

It's all in the jets

The biggest difference between inkjet printers and laser printers is the inkjet's print head. An inkjet printer's print head contains nozzles that squirt ink onto the paper. These nozzles are thinner than a human hair, allowing very small dots to be printed. Placing these dots extremely close together produces very sharp images.

Another advantage to having such small dots is that it allows for great color reproduction. As you may know, inkjet printers typically contain a black ink cartridge and a (sometimes more) color ink cartridge with three colors of ink. By using these four different inks in the right combinations, any color can be created. For example, placing a series of yellow and blue dots extremely close together gives the illusion of printing in green. However, if you look at a page from an inkjet printer under a magnifying glass, you can see that the majority of the colors are artificially produced.

Connecting the dots

The actual printing process works by using stepper motors to control the print head’s position along a stabilizer bar. As the print head slides back and forth along this bar, dots of ink are placed on the paper below. When the printer produces a line of dots, the printer uses rollers to slightly advance the paper to make room for the next roll of dots. So how does the printer create these dots? There are two basic printing methods used by inkjet printers, thermal bubble and piezo electric.

1. Thermal bubble printers

The thermal bubble method is frequently used by Hewlett-Packard and Canon printers. The idea behind this method is that the printer runs an electrical current through tiny resistors to produce heat. The on and off pattern of this current is controlled by the printer’s system board in response to the instructions that the computer sends to the printer. The heat vaporizes just enough ink to create a bubble. As the ink bubble expands, it pushes a small amount of ink out of one of the printer’s nozzles. When the bubble eventually pops, the popping creates a vacuum, which causes more ink to be sucked from the print cartridge. While this method may sound slow, a typical inkjet printer can produce 300 to 600 of these tiny bubbles at the same time.

2. Piezo electric printers

The other method for inkjet printing is called piezo electric and is used primarily in Epson printers. This method works similarly to the thermal bubble method except that piezo crystals are used in place of resistors. The printer passes an electric current through a crystal and causes the crystal to vibrate. As the crystal vibrates, the vibration pushes some ink out of the nozzle. After the ink has been expelled, the crystal returns to a calm state. The absence of the expelled ink creates a vacuum that then causes more ink to be released from the ink cartridge.

Troubleshooting common inkjet printer problems

Inkjet printers aren’t nearly as complex as laser printers; therefore, there’s less that can go wrong with them. On the flip side, many inkjet printers sell for around Rs 3000 or less and just aren’t built to last. The vast majority of problems with inkjet printers involve either communications problems or problems with print quality. Here are a few solutions to the most common inkjet printer problems.

Print quality and the print head

By far the most common problem with inkjet printers is poor print quality. Usually, these problems manifest themselves in the form of horizontal white lines running through each line of print. These white lines are caused by clogged nozzles that aren’t dispensing ink. Some printer manufacturers are trying to solve this problem by incorporating the print head into the ink cartridge. By doing so, each time you get a new ink cartridge, you also get a new print head.

Replacing the print head along with the ink cartridge may sound like a good solution at first, but what happens if you are using a printer that doesn’t have a disposable print head, or if your ink cartridges aren’t ready to change yet?

Cleaning the print head

In such cases, you can sometimes fix the problem by using a cotton swab to rub alcohol on the surface of the print head. Alcohol is a solvent and will usually help to dissolve any ink buildup that might be clogging the print head. After cleaning the print head with alcohol, I usually use a paper towel to gently wipe any excess ink off of the print head. When you’re done manually cleaning the print head, turn the printer on and run the printer’s built-in cleaning process. The method for initiating the cleaning mode varies widely between printer models, so you’ll have to check your manufacturer’s recommendations to see how to initiate the cleaning mode on your particular printer.

Check the print head ribbon

On some older printers, the print head ribbon has a tendency to come loose. The ribbon is the wide gray cable connecting the print head to the printer’s system board. Occasionally, you may run into a situation in which cleaning a print head doesn’t fix the problem. There are a few other things that can cause the white lines besides just a dirty print head. One other possibility is that some of the printing instructions may not be making it to the print head. Although I’ve never seen this occur on a newer printer, it’s not at all uncommon for the print head ribbon to work its way partially loose on some older printers. If you’re trying to fix an older inkjet printer, make sure that the print head ribbon is secured firmly to the print head..

Paper dust

Another thing that can cause the white lines that I described earlier is paper dust interfering with an electrical connection. You may have noticed that a print cartridge contains potentially dozens of electrical contact points, When a printer is very heavily used, paper dust can sometimes work its way in-between the print cartridge and the cartridge housing. This dust can interfere with the printer’s ability to send instructions to the print cartridge. To remove the dust, unplug the printer and clean the print head’s electrical contacts with alcohol. Make sure that the alcohol has dried completely before reinserting the ink cartridge or plugging the printer back in. You can sometimes fix a printing problem by cleaning the print head’s electrical contacts.

If all of these techniques fail to fix the problem, then there’s a good chance that a mechanism inside of the print head has gone bad, and the print head will need to be replaced.

A failure to communicate

The other major cause of inkjet printer malfunctions is communications failures. Inkjet printers are susceptible to the same sort of communications problems as any other printer. Therefore, if your printer is printing gibberish, or nothing at all, turn off the printer and the PC to which it is connected. Verify that all cables are tight and that the printer is getting power. Turn the printer back on and then the PC. Most of the time, this will fix any sort of communications problems that might be present. This article is very general in nature, but I hope it helps you. J

With so many low cost printers available in India, high-image quality, and ease of use, inkjetprinters have become the standard for many small and home offices. Indeed, when color printing is needed, in small quantities, an ink jet printer is the only option as laser color printers are still out of reach for most SOHO and for home users.

The inkjet printing process

Now for some basics. So how does the printing process work? Inkjet printers have many of the same components as laser printers, but they function completely differently. Like a laser printer, an inkjet printer contains a system board that controls the printing process by translating instructions from the computer into a rendering. However, unlike a laser printer, an inkjet printer isn’t nearly as dependent on memory. Few may know that a laser printer requires that an entire page be spooled to memory before the printing process can begin. Some inkjet printers contain memory, but the memory is provided primarily as a timesaving feature. Once the computer has spooled an entire document to a printer, it’s free to work on something else. Therefore, because the spooling process is faster than the printing process, most inkjet printers have a print buffer that allows a computer to spool at least a page or two to the printer. Unlike laser printers, inkjet printers don’t have to wait for a page to be completely spooled before they can begin printing it.

It's all in the jets

The biggest difference between inkjet printers and laser printers is the inkjet's print head. An inkjet printer's print head contains nozzles that squirt ink onto the paper. These nozzles are thinner than a human hair, allowing very small dots to be printed. Placing these dots extremely close together produces very sharp images.
Another advantage to having such small dots is that it allows for great color reproduction. As you may know, inkjet printers typically contain a black ink cartridge and a (sometimes more) color ink cartridge with three colors of ink. By using these four different inks in the right combinations, any color can be created. For example, placing a series of yellow and blue dots extremely close together gives the illusion of printing in green. However, if you look at a page from an inkjet printer under a magnifying glass, you can see that the majority of the colors are artificially produced.

Connecting the dots

The actual printing process works by using stepper motors to control the print head’s position along a stabilizer bar. As the print head slides back and forth along this bar, dots of ink are placed on the paper below. When the printer produces a line of dots, the printer uses rollers to slightly advance the paper to make room for the next roll of dots. So how does the printer create these dots? There are two basic printing methods used by inkjet printers, thermal bubble and piezo electric.

1. Thermal bubble printers

The thermal bubble method is frequently used by Hewlett-Packard and Canon printers. The idea behind this method is that the printer runs an electrical current through tiny resistors to produce heat. The on and off pattern of this current is controlled by the printer’s system board in response to the instructions that the computer sends to the printer. The heat vaporizes just enough ink to create a bubble. As the ink bubble expands, it pushes a small amount of ink out of one of the printer’s nozzles. When the bubble eventually pops, the popping creates a vacuum, which causes more ink to be sucked from the print cartridge. While this method may sound slow, a typical inkjet printer can produce 300 to 600 of these tiny bubbles at the same time.

2. Piezo electric printers

The other method for inkjet printing is called piezo electric and is used primarily in Epson printers. This method works similarly to the thermal bubble method except that piezo crystals are used in place of resistors. The printer passes an electric current through a crystal and causes the crystal to vibrate. As the crystal vibrates, the vibration pushes some ink out of the nozzle. After the ink has been expelled, the crystal returns to a calm state. The absence of the expelled ink creates a vacuum that then causes more ink to be released from the ink cartridge.

Troubleshooting common inkjet printer problems

Inkjet printers aren’t nearly as complex as laser printers; therefore, there’s less that can go wrong with them. On the flip side, many inkjet printers sell for around Rs 3000 or less and just aren’t built to last. The vast majority of problems with inkjet printers involve either communications problems or problems with print quality. Here are a few solutions to the most common inkjet printer problems.

Print quality and the print head

By far the most common problem with inkjet printers is poor print quality. Usually, these problems manifest themselves in the form of horizontal white lines running through each line of print. These white lines are caused by clogged nozzles that aren’t dispensing ink. Some printer manufacturers are trying to solve this problem by incorporating the print head into the ink cartridge. By doing so, each time you get a new ink cartridge, you also get a new print head. Replacing the print head along with the ink cartridge may sound like a good solution at first, but what happens if you are using a printer that doesn’t have a disposable print head, or if your ink cartridges aren’t ready to change yet?

Cleaning the print head

In such cases, you can sometimes fix the problem by using a cotton swab to rub alcohol on the surface of the print head. Alcohol is a solvent and will usually help to dissolve any ink buildup that might be clogging the print head. After cleaning the print head with alcohol, I usually use a paper towel to gently wipe any excess ink off of the print head. When you’re done manually cleaning the print head, turn the printer on and run the printer’s built-in cleaning process. The method for initiating the cleaning mode varies widely between printer models, so you’ll have to check your manufacturer’s recommendations to see how to initiate the cleaning mode on your particular printer.

Check the print head ribbon

On some older printers, the print head ribbon has a tendency to come loose. The ribbon is the wide gray cable connecting the print head to the printer’s system board. Occasionally, you may run into a situation in which cleaning a print head doesn’t fix the problem. There are a few other things that can cause the white lines besides just a dirty print head. One other possibility is that some of the printing instructions may not be making it to the print head. Although I’ve never seen this occur on a newer printer, it’s not at all uncommon for the print head ribbon to work its way partially loose on some older printers. If you’re trying to fix an older inkjet printer, make sure that the print head ribbon is secured firmly to the print head..

Paper dust

Another thing that can cause the white lines that I described earlier is paper dust interfering with an electrical connection. You may have noticed that a print cartridge contains potentially dozens of electrical contact points, When a printer is very heavily used, paper dust can sometimes work its way in-between the print cartridge and the cartridge housing. This dust can interfere with the printer’s ability to send instructions to the print cartridge. To remove the dust, unplug the printer and clean the print head’s electrical contacts with alcohol. Make sure that the alcohol has dried completely before reinserting the ink cartridge or plugging the printer back in. You can sometimes fix a printing problem by cleaning the print head’s electrical contacts. If all of these techniques fail to fix the problem, then there’s a good chance that a mechanism inside of the print head has gone bad, and the print head will need to be replaced.

A failure to communicate

The other major cause of inkjet printer malfunctions is communications failures. Inkjet printers are susceptible to the same sort of communications problems as any other printer. Therefore, if your printer is printing gibberish, or nothing at all, turn off the printer and the PC to which it is connected. Verify that all cables are tight and that the printer is getting power. Turn the printer back on and then the PC. Most of the time, this will fix any sort of communications problems that might be present.